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Motherhood messages mythology: a study of four queen mothers Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharata

Maternity messages mythology

A study of four queen mothers in the Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharata

Parenting is generally regarded as one needs basic services, with an intensity of depth, interest, love and concern particularly among children in the family. Provide physical safety, shelter, clothing, food, protect children from health hazards are outside the main functions of a parent. Health physical and mental health of children is a major concern for parents would be its cultural values and morals. intellectual security, creating an environment environment for the mind to develop an atmosphere of peace and justice in the family were among the requirements of good parenting. Security intellectual, emotional, emotional development the list goes on …

But this is an illusion. We live in a world that denies them basic rights, even to live, as there is no guarantee against terrorism. Live and let live is a thing of the past. The last few millennia have been much more favorable this world the existence of modern times. What children expect parents in a respectful but friendly cooperation Bounty. The arguments are the best when it is complete, interaction and guidance is offered only to request a demonstration of good practice without restrictions on each other to emulate can help establish a parent – child becomes a life together of two individuals mixed on peaceful coexistence. Confronting the other will be the beginning of a war of words lead to universal chaos.

In these circumstances, would be interesting and useful to investigate the mythology and see how some of the greatest characters behaved as parents. The two great Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharata are treasures of information for anything and anyone could ask contested happy childhood miserable machinations, obedient son, who was overthrown by the cunning of voice, compassionate parents besieged by bandits and selfishness many disparities more fit these epics.

The Mahabharata has been justly acclaimed as the national epic of India. This is the story of a great war that ended a yuga and another began. Considered the longest in the literary world, the evidence that most scholars, this epic was composed between 2500 and 3000 years ago.

The Mahabharata is not an arbitrary collection of stories and medieval legends. Digressions abundance, not to shed light on the main plot and in fact help maintain consistency. The plot about the great battle that took place in Kurukshetra between Pandavas and their allies on one side and the Kauravas, their allies on the other. The flame war was proverbially Dharma Yudda culmination of an entire generation of conflicts and diplomatic maneuvers that faced the first among his peers against the second to none. And that makes remove all the various clans more devastating as the best of men. The Pandavas, the son of King Pandu, has won the battle but lost the war that destroyed the world they knew cud only the rest of his life in the emptiness of what he had earned.

The Ramayana is one of the well-known stories in the world, is considered the first epic written thousands of years ago. It is a story about an exciting adventure story of Prince Rama, heir to the throne, banished to the forest during fourteen years, separated from his beloved wife, Sita. He leads a war against the abductor of Sita, Ravana, the king of Lanka, rescues her and returns to Ayodhya and take control the kingdom, to provide what is proverbially known as Rama Rajya – a form of government so far unique and incomparable.

In many respects, these epics can be seen as typical pitting good against evil. But they are much richer than these tribes fairy tale. They are a wealth of human knowledge, lessons for all areas of life. In this article, I have the intention to take parenting classes, mothers in particular – the back and not make effective parenting. Take the case of Four Queens, Sumithra and Kaikeyi of Ramayana, along with the Mahabharata Kunti and Gandhari.

Kunti

Mythically charged in the community, there is a body of images and patterns that the model that the individual can aspire to, a range of metaphoric identity.
Jerome S. Bruner, psychologist

Reina Kunti is easily one of the most incredible women who give so much respect in the Indian tradition. Its activities have been only a very pious and faithful wife of a person with great self-control. She has an impressive lineage there. She is the daughter Shurasena Yadava and can trace their ancestors to these Puroorava standards powerful emperors, and Nahusha Yayati, the largest empires in India may be never. It is the blood of these powerful emperors through the veins of Kunti. And Shurasena daughter she is the sister of Vasudeva and Krishna's maternal aunt. In version Bheel (tribal version popular in northern India) of the epic, which is born Shakti as a woman who lives life of man as the embodiment including the Shakti.

He was married to the principles that he firmly believed, regardless of position. She accompanied her husband, Pandu when he resigned the throne and left the forest. severe austerity of life without the sophistication of the palace did not stop her and she accepted change your fortune with a touching grace and dignity. On another occasion, then joined his son on his journey to the jungle, and even survived an assassination attempt in House of Wax by the Kauravas. His word was taken seriously both by his wisdom and guidance, as in the case of Draupadi to marry off his five children. This is, without looking, he asked your child to share the prize they had won.

Despite their suffering, she found the strength of your inner wisdom that took her son through the crisis especially in the fratricidal war of justice.

The downside of a mother Kunti is best reflected in the treatment of Kaneena (child born to a woman before marriage), son Karna In spite of all his love for Karna, he wanted out of his life since birth. Then he waved the basket containing the divine small child in a river and completely abandoned his memory and life.

Thus, Karna, Kunti chose the easy way. In Put Otherwise, your interests always preceded by Karna. This led to their abandonment of him not only after birth, but several times throughout his life. In the first case, was saved by a tick of good nature and his wife. After the incident floating then see him as an energetic youth Karna qualified young people to challenge Arjuna in sand where the Kauravas and the Pandavas Princes published their learning. He was fired immediately because he was a Kshatriya. A word of recognition of Kunti could save not only Karna, but very Kurukshetra war that broke out later. However, Kunti decided to leave again. This time Karna fell in line with the bad. Duryodhana rushed to capitalize on its strength and its weakness to the throne of Anga Raja – the king of the kingdom of Anga.

His son called Karna Bheem a coachman and humiliated in the terms more pointed, and asked him to put his hand on his whip to drive the tanks. All this in the presence of Kunti, but, meanwhile, chooses to remain silent neglect.

There have been many times she might have felt the pulse of pride, if she was only recognized at birth. But he refuses to recognize and admit the truth about him publicly.

The only time I choose to know and confess the truth of his birth during the war. Still, it to get something from it and not performing his duties as her mother. She is the one that he would kill the Pandavas except Arjuna. Doing this makes you abandon the man who recognized the dignity of his caliber.

For Bharata Bheel, Kunti is supposed to be dumped Karna as a child in a trash pile. It is both literal metaphor. When you look at the acts of Karna, we wonder if this is true. He, in fact, perform some unethical actions of their means of life, the humblest of them is the strong incentive Dushshasana Draupadi in the act of degrading the Board of Court of Hastinapura. Kunti silent even at this moment is as intriguing as his rejection of Karna, when showed his greatness. One could argue that Karna could have evolved and achieved the full potential of his being, if he had not abandoned Kunti. She is responsible for his downfall squarely in the hands of the Kauravas, ultimately in the dark and dust of evil. In fact, she released a priceless diamond in a pile of garbage. What exactly is the contention of the Bheel Bharata, who buried in a pile of garbage.

Your attitude towards Karna can be confusing. Many researchers There have been reported reasons for his indifference. Perhaps he was conscious of his honor in dealing with Karna as he was born out of wedlock. But when Karna eventually died in the war, with courage and with all my heart recognized its value.

However, Kunti has its good side of things as a mother and Sahadeva Nakula are actually Madri (The second wife of Pandu) children. In fact, this act revives sin of rejecting their own Karna. There are instances in which she called her older son born Yudhishtra take special care of his brothers and sisters. Such was his concern that form a perfect complement to its treatment of its own Karna.

In Kunti, so Thus, we see one and none of the girl is very strange that a woman with diligence, respect for elders and a reliable source of comfort to her husband. But she stands out as an archetype devoted mother's constant advice and guidance their children, and always willing to compromise on comfort for their welfare. Women like her have led and represented the concept of Bharat Mata. As feminist philosopher Judith Butler, said: "Gender is a fact and not an arbitrary set of concepts." Kunti and motherhood is testament to all advantages and disadvantages of the other, complementarity.

Gandhari

Gandhari, often called the "model of female propriety, are also considered an embodiment of Mati (Goddess intelligence) is the daughter of Soubala, the king of Gandhara (present Kandhahar) in a region of northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan. A tragic character of the Mahabharata, fearless life and the provision is very strong compared to the contemporary socio-political. She was forced to enter marriage, Dhritrashtra, a blind king who was much older. It was a blow to her, violates their rights as women. Gandhari volunteered to be blindfolded throughout his life married which is generally regarded as an act of supreme sacrifice. He was forced into an act of altruism power and pleasure of the view that her husband never could experience and taste. solve the underlying remain blindfolded Gandhari was a silence, but a strong protest in opposition to the power games and, of course, forced marriage, both his blindness applies to both physical and metaphorical. He was blind to the power games, political manipulation, the affection of weight for your child, even if they participate in hate. Animosity entertained their cousins, the Pandavas, swelling in the great war of Kurukshetra. This also explains their silence when Draupadi was spotted in the courts. At a subsequent hearing shows that Gandhari was more a victim of a society that has tried to endorse male supremacy. Their protest was still strong, clear and effective

As a mother, twice, shows his affection and concern for his son Duryodhana. Once, when she tried to wrap with an indomitable will to avoid death in war. To the shock, he did not, because I was on the side of evil adharma or two, because they did not obey his words completely. She asked to be undressed. This would at first sight to give him a ring of protection. However, it appears with a cord around his waist. This pushes the power of his vision down into whole body because of its size at the knees weak and vulnerable. He was eventually killed by Bheem who has broken his leg. The other occasion when she shows her anger for the loss of her sons was in a small space in the tissue with which they blindfolded him, his eyes fell on the foot of Yudhisthira. The big toe was burnt black, This reflects the power of his vision.

The Boon give 100 son, turned out to be a curse. His son against his will after making a crime crime on their cousins, hinted at by his own pain, Shakuni. He was completely forgetting – or so says his son's misadventures as the Kauravas made several attempts to kill the Pandavas. Calls for peace, but never slowed his son to establish peace, blinded by the disease. He also urged his son to follow in repeatedly Dharma and make peace with the Pandavas, but was considered a sign of weakness that has been exhaled by his blindness.

His blindness, and forced the absence of contact visual "with their children left humanity in misery. They have been hinted at by his mother Shakuni uncle, who was broken by the sister Bhishma and held fully responsible thereof. The agenda for the Eradication of the Kuru clan, considered the clan of Bhishma, was held by his nephews slow poisoning evil. Also housed ambitions to the throne in Duryodhana. All this happened right under his nose Gandhari. But remained blind. Several plans have been born to kill the Pandavas, attempted drowning Bheem when they were in their teens, the infamous episode House of Wax, the dice game and exile as possible, but the perpetrators were never brought to justice. He was blind everyone equally.

Gandhari is a powerful figure and therefore a role model. Their positive qualities are often overlooked. Their unconditional love for Kunti reflected in the unconditional acceptance Dhuryodhana with Karna although the relationship between the two (Kunti and Karna) remained obscure for them. This is a straight line from Gandhari's book. His love for Draupadi, even if his son could not win, in silence and registered more exposed when she allowed curse of Kuru clan. His silence has approved the power of women. Your child does not understand this silence. They were mistaken in believing that her mother guarantor of their actions. His blindness now blinded the other.

Gandhari was highly respected and quite rightly admired by everyone, including the Pandavas. He was endowed with a spirit of rationality and hard, that even the king Dhritarashtra asked advice. She never missed an opportunity to urge you to restrict the activities of Duryodhana. He also insisted that restores the Pandavas. But in fact he never spoke child himself. His vocation was the better mother when she appeared for justice and refused to bless the war before the Kauravas Kurukshetra and remained strong and unwavering cum in his stand against the war for justice. He sat with King to listen to Sanjaya narrative of the war. A supporter of peace, was in fact very saddened by the tragic consequences of war.

In the present context, Gandhari motherhood can be described as a precursor of the wonders of modern science born. His dedication to work, family, spouse and Dharma, but not necessarily in this order is unparalleled. His life is an exemplary case of the need for women to be wise and firm in their perception and performance of the multiple roles they play in their lives. High demand in fact, in this cut – the throat competitive world.

Kaikeyi

Kaikeyi, R? M? Yana was the second king of Da? Arathi three wives and a queen of Ayodhya?. She was the daughter Ashwapati the powerful, an ally of long Ayodhya. Their marriage was resolved only after Dasaratha had promised his father that his son would become heir to the throne of Ayodhya. Dasaratha little kauslya doubt, his first wife had no result. But even Kaikeyl could not adopt a child, and possibly Dasaratha married Sumitra, Princess of Magadha, another realm, with links to political ties Ayodhya.

Kaikeyi intrigued to all researchers, both in his capacity as a person and as a mother. By Therefore, it is interesting to examine his character. A look at his childhood is a strong indication of the reasons behind his insistence the exile of Rama in Ayodhya in the forest for fourteen years. As a child, was the only sister of seven brothers. She had maternal influence in his childhood that his father had separated from her wife in a trivial matter. Ashwapati could understand the language of birds. This benefit, but the strings attached to it. He declined to disclose the substance of their conversation, otherwise it would have die. Once when the king and queen were in the palace gardens, Ashwapati happened to hear the conversation of a pair of swans. Hearing focuses on bird care betrayed, and laughed. His wife continued to know the reason for his laughter suddenly. He feared that somehow reveal the idea in some unguarded moment. He therefore considered that the mother threatened Kaikeyl happiness of his family and unfairly banished from the palace. Kaikeyi had never seen her mother. After being raised by her nanny, Manthara, in the absence of a mother at a young age, combined with treatment of his father, his mother pursued a deep impression on young minds. He has developed a distrust of all men. His mother continued exile, along with a constant supply of negative impulses Manthara fueled a sense of insecurity in her. It clearly reveals the wife of Dasaratha secondary character. She quickly realized the depth of love and affection Dasaratha as his queen and empress, Kaushalya. The reason of her marriage was mainly produced long-awaited heir. Manthara ideas plots were of great help to her, especially to win over the king. This ruse was finally rewarded when he won two in favor of it in a very critical time.

Bane proved Kaikeyl Kaushalya favors.

Years later, plans were made to crown Rama, the son of Kausalya, the heir to the throne as King. A true human being is left to itself, Kaikeyi was truly happy. However, Manthara Kaikeyi ensure that fell prey to his scheming ways. His own son Bharata, hearing about the evil desires of his mother, refused to compromise on their demand. Not only refuses the kingship, even went so far back to remember Rama in Ayodhya. He agreed to return after his elder brother were separated with shoes that governed the empire. This gave a slap in the face tightened and Manthara Kaikeyi.

When we analyze the mentality Kaikeyi, we realize that much of it from childhood, insecurity and total distrust of men in general and husbands in particular. The experience of his mother at the hands of his father has cut deeply into his mind that very often their own natural good is overshadowed by these negative patterns. His character as a person and as a mother is strongly influenced by the events of his youth.

It is not only of Bharata who claimed the throne. It is also his own pride and security as the Queen Mother Kaushalya Dasaratha as a favorite to win, that demand appears to be complete and valid. His ego is also broken when she succeeds in none. Bharata refuses the throne, while Dasaratha, die exactly six days after Rama's departure to the jungle. Also, do not Bharata addressed her as "mother" again. Kaikeyi was said a woman died of a broken heart in isolation, separated from his son, his wife and two children Mandava, grandchildren only. She had to blame only and may be the fate of these two events.

As mother, she may be true, but the influence of Manthara. Their joy was crowned Rama hearing ORK spontaneous and genuine. Valmiki describes it as a joy in the mother would feel for a happy event for her son. Such was his affection for Rama. But once activated, outpours knew no bounds. It has not only demanded the kingdom his son, but Rama would be banished from the kingdom, to ensure the safety of your child. This is not responding so positively Kaikeyi recently. It must have been the personification feelings of cruelty. But the circumstances, the destination and Manthara not allowed to be herself. His association with Manthara was too deep and so was the prevalence of these last was in it, it has become impossible to separate the relationship. A little boy makes a low mood that finally succumbed to the operation Mantahara its weakness.

Sumithra

Sumitra, the King reigns Dashratha third, was the first kingdom of Kashi. The wisest of all women of Dasaratha, was the first to realize that Rama is the incarnation of Lord Narayana.

In putHR Kameshti Yaga, held to produce children, both Kausalya and Kaikeyi offered their second part of the kheer to Sumitra.She produced two sons, Lakshmana was born from the party that gave Kaushalya while Shatrughan born of the party that gave Kaikeyi.

His affection for children is vividly described in the Valmiki Ramayana Balakanda. The four young princes who choose to stay close in all their waking hours Sumitra. Rama and Bharata insist on sleeping in her lap and when awake, persistent crying until I see it. "Sumitra, behold your son, he does not sleep without your time, see how their eyes were red because of his constant crying." Kaushalya and often rushed Kaikeyi her with these words. Children have returned to the off mode when taken in his arms. Such was the intimacy of the Queen and princes appreciated.

His relationship with the other queens are equally welcome. Are believed to have prevailed Kaikeyi where Rama was banished, if given a chance. It is perhaps for this reason Rama, in a version of Ramayana, Lakshmana sends permission and blessing, for their support Kaikeyi Rama would have forced to change his mind and decision making to Rama his word to his father.

When Lakshmi insisted that accompany Rama to the forest, I was worried if his mother does not like the idea. But unlike everyone's expectations, he said to Lakshmana, "Oh, my son, stay away from me, you never think you're away from your parents, your mother is Sita and Rama be your father because the older brother is like a father and I do not regret being away from Ayodhya Ayodhya is that the place where Rama reside. You have no business in Ayodhya, in the absence of Rama. "

Also, he said: "In this world, that this woman is worthy to be called a mother whose son is a follower of the Raghunath, otherwise there would been better if she was unable to give birth to a son.

His respect for Kaikeyi hardly changed, despite the fact that she was responsible for the exile of Rama. Moreover, Lakshman said, "Oh boy! only misfortune is responsible for sending into exile of Rama and no other reason, and should take account of their good fortune might give an opportunity to serve Rama and Sita in exile. "

Sumitra goes further. She also wanted her own son, go to their fate remain near Branch and regrets his own misfortune has to stay away from him. His next piece of advice related to Lakshmana seeking to serve Rama in his thoughts, words and actions. Lakshmana also warned not to act in a way that could offend Rama.

With these words of wisdom, let Lakshmana accompanied Rama and Sita in the forest.

During the war in Lanka, when she came to know that Lakshmana was wounded by the "Shakti" Bana "is like any other mother, the first thought crossed his mind the safety of Rama and his son. She was more concerned about the fact that Rama was alone. In addition, she is also aware of the love of Rama and his brother could not understand the pain and suffering they had endured in his absence. She even asked his second son to serve Shatrughuna Rama in their hour of need.

Sumitra is the brand as a mother. Fully aware that his eldest son can not survive, she was willing to lose another son to serve Rama. These mothers altruists are hard to find in this wild world bad.

She even once the separation of his son. However, jealous of him could be close to Rama.

Much of her positive attitude rubbed on children's temperament.
Lakshmana absorbs these qualities and very similar his personality had an abiding love for his brother.

Towards the end of the life of Rama, Sage Dhurvasa comes to meet Rama. Earlier he had said Rama Lakshmana should not be altered, no matter who comes to meet him. If so Lakshmana end his existence. That was when the wise man known for his vicious curses, arrived. Lakshmana fell into a serious dilemma. Wise said in a very polite instructions from his brother. To which the sage replied that if they are not allowed to answer Rama, and Rama of the entire clan would be destroyed. Lakshmana winked deciding. And his brother entered the arrival of the Wise, took his blessings and left the river Sarayu in fulfilling its mission on earth. Such was his devotion to his brother. He prefers to end his life that left descendants of Rama destroyed. Their priorities may be defined more clearly than that. . "This mother, like son" in the true spirit of the adage.

"Happy is the mother" and "blessed was the son cheers Tulsidas, in his description of Sumitra. His love and affection for Rama terminals is unprecedented in the mythology. The poet praises even this great man, when he says: "Only this kind of father as Sumitra is worthy of being called a mother and a child who was born in the bosom of a mother This is worthy of being called a child. Greetings, as a mother Sumitra.

When one looks objectively these women of great substance, it could easily figure out their strengths and weaknesses. Then Kunti exercised disparity between their own children, Gandhari, was blind to the gravity of their own children, while Kaikeyi was possessive, Sumithra found ecstasy in division. We can also see that his personality rub into the activities of their children. Karna between good when he found recognition in the wrong. Duryodhana was blind to the evil that his mother was blinded by the disease. Bharata refused to respect the mother when she refused to respect and honor the king is the decision. Given that shows Sumithra boundless affection and mixture is well moistened by Lakshmana who was impeccable in his brother's love and service.

The message of these women is high and clear. Attitudes are designed in the spirit of the child, even if they are not articulated. And the mother is the supreme personality whose influence on the child never ends. Affects eternity.

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About the Author

Sumathi,S. has over 10 years of teaching experience at collegiate level. She has her masters and M.Phil in English and a Masters in Applied Psychology. She is currently pursuing her PhD in English language Teaching and Educational Psychology. She can be contacted at – meghsiv@gmail.com

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